Revealed: Full text of Makkah defence pact between Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan

A trilateral mutual defence pact between Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan includes a commitment to treat an armed assault against any single signatory as an attack on all three, according to the complete agreement text disclosed after its submission to Turkey's parliament.

The Makkah Defence Pact, signed in August, remained confidential until its presentation to Turkish lawmakers, whose formal ratification is necessary to render the treaty legally binding. A Turkish source confirmed the text's validity to The National.

Despite pending legislative endorsement in Ankara, several elements of the arrangement have already taken effect. Signatories have designated a secretary general and formed a central Strategic Political and Defence Committee. The three partners also convened an emergency session during October to organise quick military troop deployments to Saudi Arabia following attacks from Houthi fighters.

The agreement's primary clause stipulates that an external military attack directed at one member country will be regarded as an assault on all signatories. Under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, the partners pledge prompt mutual assistance, deploying available military resources and capabilities after assessing the situation.

Beyond emergency defence, the pact outlines broad military, industrial and security cooperation. The three governments agreed to conduct regular consultations on global security threats, run reciprocal personnel training programmes, hold joint military drills, and coordinate operational actions against terrorism.

Defence manufacturing represents another core pillar of the treaty. The partners aim to collaborate on joint research and development initiatives, pursue co-production of military hardware, and exchange technical skills across their defence sectors. The agreement also provides for shared logistics, covering fuel, weapons, ammunition, spare components, and intelligence exchange through secure conduits.

Governance of the alliance will centre on the Strategic Political and Defence Committee, made up of each nation's foreign minister, defence minister, and armed forces chief. The panel will convene twice a year on a rotating basis, while heads of state may assemble annually if needed. The pact establishes a permanent secretariat in Saudi Arabia, directed by a rotating secretary general who serves three-year terms, with Pakistan providing the inaugural officeholder.

The treaty also leaves open the possibility of future expansion, granting the founding committee authority to admit new members through unanimous consensus.